直接引语和间接引语的区别
1.下列情况中，直接引语变间接引语时，时态不变：
1)直接引语中的过去完（进行）时在间接引语中时态不变
例如:Tom said, “My brother had been a worker for two years before he came here.”
Tom said that his brother had been a worker for two years before he came here.
2) 间接引语中动词所表示的动作或状态说话时仍继续进行或存在进，其时态不变。
例如：”I am eight.” the boy said. The boy said that he is eight.
3) 直接引语中,如果表示过去的时间状语用来表示事态发生或存在的具体时间,变间接引语时,其谓语动词仍用一般过去时。
4）转述习惯性动作、客观事实或科学真理时,其时态不变。
5）引述动词为现在时,间接引语中的动词可保持原来时态。
例如:He says, “I have accepted her invitation.” He says that he has accepted her invitation.
6).如果直接引语用虚拟语气，变间接引语时，仍用原来的动词形式。
例如：’I insist that you give up smoking,’ said the doctor.
The doctor insisted that he give up smoking.
7).时间状语从句中的一般过去时或过去进行时，在间接引语中保持不变。
8).如果直接引语是以would like 作谓语的特殊疑问句，间接引语中would like 不变；如果直接引语是一般疑问句，like 之后接动名词或名词作宾语，间接引语中would like也不变。
2.直接引语是祈使句变间接引语，通常将say 改为ask 或tell, order等词，构成ask (tell, order) sb. to do sth.结构。原祈使句如果是否定的，要在不定式结构前加not，原祈使句中如果带有please一词，间接引语也不再使用。
例如：‘Please open the second window,’ he said. He asked me to open the second window.
2.直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，谓语动词应用一个能表达原意的词语。
例如：She said, “What a lovely day.” She remarked with joy that it was such a lovely day.
教学设计方案 Lesson 9
Teaching Aims:
Learn and master the following words and phrases:
difficulty , pronounce , fall (n.), ask --- for , medicine
2) Oral English:
Would you please say that again more slowly ? Pardon ?
I m sorry I know only a little English . / I don t quite follow you .
How do you pronounce / spell --- ? I have some difficulty in doing --- What does --- mean ?
Teaching Important Points :
1. Master the use of the words of four skills and some phrases and idioms .
2. How to express one s opinions and what one feels . and how to make requests.
Teaching Difficult Points :
1. the use of ask for and have difficulty in doing sth .
2. how to ask for advice by using Would you please ---?
Teaching Procedures:
Step I . Revision
T: Good morning , everyone ! S: Good morning , teacher .
T: Sit down , please .Now let’s welcome Helen to give us a free talk. Come to the Bb ,please.
Step II. Introduction :
T: As we know , sometimes people can not understand each other well because they speak in different accents . Do you know accent ? It means a special way of speaking . As you know , in our country, persons from Shandong Province and Zhejiang Province speak Chinese with a different accent ,. So does English . There are mainly two important kinds of English in the world : American English and British English. What’s the differences between them ? People from Britain and America can understand each other well ? Let s listen to a dialogue . OK . Listen to the tape and then answer my questions .
Step III . Dialogue
Listen for the first time and answer: Listen to Lesson 9 and choose the right answer:
1) Yang Mei has a plan to _____________
A. work next fall. B. study medicine and to become a doctor.
C. have difficulty in learning English.
Listen for the second time and answer the following questions :
1. Who is Yang Mei ? What does she do ?
2. Who is Sara ?
3. What difficulty does Yang Mei have in learning English ?
4. What is Sara s opinion about Yang Mei s pronunciation ?
5. What does fall mean in the dialogue ?
6. Do you think Yang Mei understands the meaning of fall ?
7. What s Yang Mei s plan ?
( Ask the students to answer the questions above . )
Suggested answers :
1.Yang Mei is a Chinese girl who is now studying in the States .
2.Sara is an American . She is Yang Mei s teacher.
3.She has some difficulty in pronouncing some English words .
4.She thinks Yang Mei s pronunciation is very good .
5.It means autumn ,
6.No , she didn t .She does not understand its meaning until Sara say next September .
7.She wants to study medicine .
T:Please open your books . Turn to Page 9 . Let s go through the dialogue and deal with some language points . Please look at the screen .
1.difficulty .
(1).the quality of being difficult; trouble phrases: do sth , with difficulty , without (much , any ) difficulty have difficulty ( trouble , a good time , a hard time fun ---) ( in ) doing sth . have difficulty with sth .
e.g. Tod had some difficulty in understanding me .
I don t have much . difficulty with English grammar.
(2).often pl. something difficult , a trouble.
e.g. James keeps raising difficulties over my new plan.
2.pronounce v.------- to say the sounds of a language. ( n , pronunciation )
3.And when do you take your next exams ?
Present Simple for future use , the speaker is talking about a school programme which is fixed .
e.g. When does the winter holidays begin ?
give the students an exam ( 老师) 考学生。 hold an exam 举行考试
pass an exam 考试合格 fail in an exam 考试不及格
4. fall n . = autumn in American English
5. plan n. ---- a ( carefully considered ) arrangement for carrying out some future activity .
e.g. The police worked out a plan to catch the thief.
6. medicine n. ----- the science of treating and understanding disease.
7. wheel n . ----- a round object which turns on an axle
e.g. Carts , cars and trains run on wheels.
8. ask --- for
e.g. Everybody was now asking him for advice . She asked him for his address .
，英语教案－American English