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托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析（上）Ⅲ,
the primary responsibility of the president.
C D
分析：A错，应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态，而句中谓语动词为过去式，其时间状语应与之呼应，故改Since为In。
例：Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of
A B C
the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.
D
分析：D错，应改为for。since引导时间状语时，主句谓语动词为一般完成时；主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for；而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.
A B C D
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态，live
(三) 谓语的语态来源：考试大 语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 来源：考试大
有四组动词是改错题中常考的：来源：考试大
①、prove
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的
尽管是被证明，但习惯上用主动；
例：A majority of the reports received from people claiming
A
to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be
B C
mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked.
D
分析：D错，应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词，如果把D理解为并列句，不仅时态不对，语义也有问题，故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。
②、Locate，Situate
这两个词可以用作主动，表示把…放置在…地方；确定…的位置
Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置
这两个词也可以用作被动来源：考试大 My school was located near the river.
区分locate的主动和被动比较难，但是有一个技巧存在：locate如果用作主动，后面必须跟宾语
例：The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint.
(A)locates来源：考试大
(B)locating
(C)to locate
(D)is located 来源：考试大
分析：空格处显然缺谓语动词，故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语，所以用作被动,表示“位于”，所以D为正确选项。
③、表示需要概念的动词
need, want, require等
My watch needed repairing
My watch needed to be repaired.
④、表示人的情感的动词
move, annoy, surprise, please等
He is so moving. 他令人感到感动。来源：考试大
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。
主动和被动技巧总结：
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话，前面必然有be动词
例：The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the
A
United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams,
B
power structures, and flood-control works along
C
the Tennessee River and its tributary streams.
D
分析：A错，应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。
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，托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析（上）Ⅲ
