3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change.Als0，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting.the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface.“This provides a positive feedback，as glaciers and ice sheet smelt，they tend to get even dirtier，” said Dr.James Hansen，a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies，NewYork.
4 Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo（solar energy reflected back to space），which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrost.Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.
5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon~，”Hansen said.Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate. “This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbon.dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Hansen noted.
6 Hansen cautioned.although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century.Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r也e rest of this century.
7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes.These observations were consistent with the researchers' climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.
词汇：
soot n.煤烟，煤灰
emission n.释放，散发，排放
simulation v.模拟
latitude n.纬度
glacier n.冰川，冰河
albedo n.反照率
permafrost n.永冻层
forcing n.温室作用
dioxide n.二氧化物
magnitude n.量，大小
练习：
1.Paragraph 3____________
2.Paragraph 4____________
3.Paragraph 6____________
4.Paragraph 7____________
5.In the twentieth century，soot____________
6.Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases____________
7. Black soot covered snow and ice____________
8.A soot forcing is unusually effective，which____________
第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第1篇
Storms Sink Ships
Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in
Bangladesh.The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21.Hundreds more are missing or feared dead.
The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhakfi as strong winds and rain hit the South Asian country.
The government has since banned a11 ferries and other boats from traveling at night during the April-May stormy season. .
One of the ferries，MV Mitali，was carrying far more people than it was supposed to.About 400 passengers fitted into a space made for just 300，police said.The second ferry carried about 1 00 passengers.
“The number of deaths is certain to rise.”said an official in charge of the rescue work.“No one really knows how many people were on board‘the ferry or how many of them survived.''
Ferries in Bangladesh don't always keep passenger lists，making it difficult to determine the exact number of people on board.
Besides the ferry accidents，at least 40 people were killed and 400 injured by lightning strikes.falling houses and trees and the sinking of small boats.
Storms are common this time of year in Bangladesh，as are boating accidents.Ferry
disasters take away hundreds of lives every year in a nation of 130 million people.
Officials blame these river accidents on a lack of safety measures.too many passengers in boats and not enough checks on weather conditions.
Ferries are a common means of transport in Bangladesh.It is a country covered by about 230 rivers.Some 20，000 ferries use the nation's Waterways every year.And many of them are dangerously overcrowded.
Since 1977， more than 3.000 people have died in some 260 boating accidents.
词汇：
ferry n.渡船
waterway n.水路，水道
Bangladesh：孟加拉国，位于南亚
练习：
1.How many people have been found dead in the two ferry disasters？
A、Over 130.
B、At least 40.
C、About 400.
D） Over 3，000.
2.The two ferry disasters occurred
A）at noon.
B）in the morning.
C） at night.
D）In the afternoon.
3.How many passengers was MV Mitali designed to carry？
A）500.
B）100.
C）400.
D）300.
4.Officials attribute boating accident to
A）strong winds.
B）bad weather conditions.
C）the blockages of waterways.
D）the lack of safety measures.
5.¨hich of the following statements is NOT true of the two ferry disasters？
A）They were overcrowded.
B）They sank on April 2I.
C1 The exact number of deaths could be easily determined.
D）They sank somewhere near Dhaka.
第2篇
winged robots learns to fly
第3篇
Snow Ranger
The two things – snow and mountains – which are needed for a ski area are the two things that cause avalanches， large mass of snow and ice crushing down the side of a mountain—often called "White Death."
It was the threat of the avalanche and its record as a killer of man in the western mountains that created the snow ranger. He first started on avalanche control work in the winter of 1937 –38 at Alta， Utah， in Wasatch National Forest.
This mountain valley was becoming well known to skiers. It was dangerous. In fact， more than 120 persons had lost their lives in 1936 and another 200 died in 1937 as a result of avalanches before it became a major ski area.
Thus， development of Alta and other major ski resorts in the west was dependent upon controlling the avalanche. The Forest Service set out to do it， and did， with its corps of snow rangers.
，2017职称英语考试全真模拟试题理工类C级第二套